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ISO/IEC17025:2017《检测和校准实验室能力通用要求》术语和定义
更新日期:2023-03-16 10:13:22 已浏览:1718次
ISO/IEC17025:2017 是国际组织发布的标准,名称为《检测和校准实验室能力通用要求》,是国际实验室认可合作组织(ILAC)提出、由ISO和IEC两大技术机构编制的国际通用实验室能力认可依据,是参与签订国际实验室互认协议(MAR)的基础。CNAS-CL01:2018是由CNAS发布,等同采用ISO/IEC17025:2017。
1 范围Scope
本标准规定了承担国防科技工业任务的实验室能力、公正性以及一致运作的通用要求。本标准适用于所有从事国防科技工业实验室活动的组织,不论其人员数量多少。
本准则是DILAC对检测实验室和校准实验室进行认可的依据。
实验室的客户、法定管理机构、使用同行评审的组织和方案、认可机构及其他机构采用本标准证实或承认实验室能力。
2 规范性引用文件Normative references
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注明日期的引用文件,仅注明日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注明日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
3 术语和定义Terms and definitions
ISO/IEC指南99和ISO/IEC 17000中界定的以及下述术语和定义适用于本文件。
ISO和IEC维护的用于标准化的术语数据库地址如下:
——ISO在线浏览平台:
——IEC电子开放平台:
3.1 公正性 impartiality
客观性的存在Presence of objectivity。
注1:客观性意味着利益冲突不存在或已解决,不会对实验室(3.6)的后续活动产生不利影响。
Note 1 to entry: Objectivity means that conflicts of interest do not exist, or are resolved so as not to adversely influence subsequent activities of the laboratory (3.6).
注2:其他可用于表示公正性要素的术语有:无利益冲突、没有成见、没有偏见、中立、公平、思想开明、不偏不倚、不受他人影响、平衡。
Note 2 to entry: Other terms that are useful in conveying the element of impartiality include “freedom from conflict of interests”, “freedom from bias”, “lack of prejudice”, “neutrality”, “fairness”, “open-mindedness”, “even-handedness”, “detachment”, “balance”.
注3:改写GB/T 27021.1—2017,定义3.2。修改——在注1中以“实验室”代替“认证机构”,并在注2中删除了“独立”。
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, 3.2, modified - The words "the certification body" have been replaced by "the laboratory" in Note 1 to entry, and the word "independence" has been deleted from the list in Note 2 to entry.
3.2 投诉 complaint
任何人员或组织向实验室(3.6)就其活动或结果表达不满意,并期望得到回复的行为。
Expression of dissatisfaction by any person or organization to a laboratory (3.6), relating to the activities or results of that laboratory, where a response is expected.
注:改写GB/T 27000—2006,定义6.5。修改—删除了“除申诉外”,以“实验室就其活动或结果”代替“合格评定机构或认可机构就其活动”。
ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 6.5, modified The words "other than appeal" have been deleted, and the words "a conformity assessment body or accreditation body, relating to the activities of that body" have been replaced by "a laboratory, relating to the activities or results of that laboratory".
3.3 实验室间比对 interlaboratory comparison
按照预先规定的条件,由两个或多个实验室对相同或类似的物品进行测量或检测的组织、实施和评价。
organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions
[GB/T 27043—2012, 定义3.4]
3.4 实验室内比对 intralaboratory comparison
按照预先规定的条件,在同一实验室(3.6)内部对相同或类似的物品进行测量或检测的组织、实施和评价。
organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items, within the same laboratory (3.6), in accordance with predetermined conditions
3.5 能力验证 Proficiency Testing (PT)
利用实验室间比对,按照预先制定的准则评价参加者的能力。
evaluation of participant performance against pre-established criteria by means of interlaboratory comparisons.
注:改写GB/T 27043—2012, 定义3.7,修改——删除了注。
3.6 实验室 laboratory
从事下列一种或多种活动的机构:
body that performs one or more of the following activities:
——检测testing;
——校准calibration;
——与后续检测或校准相关的抽样sampling, associated with subsequent testing or calibration。
注:在本标准中,“实验室活动”指上述三种活动。
Note 1 to entry: In the context of this document, “laboratory activities” refer to the three above-mentioned activities.
3.7 判定规则 decision rule
当声明与规定要求的符合性时,描述如何考虑测量不确定度的规则。
rule that describes how measurement uncertainty is accounted for when stating conformity with a specified requirement.
3.8 验证 verification
提供客观证据,证明给定项目满足规定要求。
provision of objective evidence that a given item fulfils specified requirements.
示例1:证实在测量取样质量小至10mg时,对于相关量值和测量程序,给定标准物质的均匀性与其声称的一致。
EXAMPLE 1 Confirmation that a given reference material as claimed is homogeneous for the quantity value and measurement procedure concerned, down to a measurement portion having a mass of 10 mg.
示例2:证实已达到测量系统的性能特性或法定要求。
EXAMPLE 2 Confirmation that performance properties or legal requirements of a measuring system are achieved.
示例3:证实可满足目标测量不确定度。
EXAMPLE 3 Confirmation that a target measurement uncertainty can be met.
注1:适用时,宜考虑测量不确定度。
Note 1 to entry: When applicable, measurement uncertainty should be taken into consideration.
注2:项目可以是,例如一个过程、测量程序、物质、化合物或测量系统。
Note 2 to entry: The item may be, for example, a process, measurement procedure, material, compound, or measuring system.
注3:满足规定要求,如制造商的规范。
Note 3 to entry: The specified requirements may be, for example, that a manufacturer’s specifications are met.
注4:在国际法制计量术语(VIML)中定义的验证,以及在合格评定中通常所讲的验证,是指对测量系统的检查并加标记和(或)出具验证证书。在我国的法制计量领域,“验证”也称为“检定”。
Note 4 to entry: Verification in legal metrology, as defined in VIML, and in conformity assessment in general, pertains to the examination and marking and/or issuing of a verification certificate for a measuring system.
注5:验证不宜与校准混淆。不是每个验证都是确认(3.9)。
Note 5 to entry: Verification should not be confused with calibration. Not every verification is a validation (3.9).
注6:在化学中,验证实体身份或活性时,需要描述该实体或活性的结构或特性。
Note 6 to entry: In chemistry, verification of the identity of the entity involved, or of activity, requires a description of the structure or properties of that entity or activity.
[ ISO/IEC 指南99:2007,定义2.44]
3.9 确认 validation
对规定要求满足预期用途的验证(3.8)。
verification (3.8), where the specified requirements are adequate for an intended use
示例:通常用于测量水中氮的质量浓度的测量程序,经过确认后也可用于测量人体血清中氮的质量浓度。
EXAMPLE A measurement procedure, ordinarily used for the measurement of mass concentration of nitrogen in water, may be validated also for measurement of mass concentration of nitrogen in human serum.
[ISO/IEC指南99:2007,定义2.45]
GL030认可指南:
企业内部检测实验室
产品生产者或其他机构内的实验室,承担产品生产各个阶段的质量控制工作,包括原材料、半成品、成品的检测工作等。
分隔
通过设置物理阻断如墙壁、卫生屏障、遮罩或独立房间等进行隔离。
RL01认可规则:
授权签字人
经CNAS认可,签发带认可标识/联合标识的报告或证书的人员。
测量审核
一个参加者对被测物品(材料或制品)进行实际测试,将测试结果与参考值进行比较的活动。
监督评审
为验证获准认可机构是否持续地符合认可条件而在认可有效期内安排的定期或不定期的评审。
认可评定
根据认可规则和认可准则的要求,对认可评审的结论及相关信息进行审查,并作出有关是否批准、保持、扩大、缩小、暂停或撤销认可资格的决定意见。
观察员
CNAS为特定目的派出的对评审活动进行现场观察的人员(不参与评审工作)。
RL02验证规则:
能力验证计划
在检测、测量、校准或检验的某个特定领域,设计和运作的一轮或多轮次能力验证。
测量审核是能力验证计划的一种, 有时也称为“一对一”的能力验证计划。
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